View source for Pwalk.c

<pre>
/*
 *  pwalk.c  Parrallel Walk a file system and report file meta data

 Copyright (C) 2013 John F Dey
 Copyright (C) 2013-2016 OSNEXUS Corporation

 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU General Public License for more details.

 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.

 *  pwalk is inspired by du but designed to be used with large
 *  file systems ( > 10 million files )
 *
 *  History: dir.c, walk.c, walkv2,3,4, pwalkfs.c
 *
 *  Example of using the directory call, opendir and readdir to
 *  simulate ls.
 *
 *  1997.03.20 John Dey Although this is the first documented date for
 *             this file I have versions that date from 1988.
 *  2002.09.04 John Dey walk the directory and gather stats
 *  2002.09.06 John Dey make to look like du -a
 *  2004.07.06 John Dey add -a and -k
 *  2008.04.01 John Dey CSV output for database use
 *  2009.04.12 John Dey v3.1
 *  replaced constants with "FILENAME_MAX",
 *  Size of directory is size of all files in directory plus itself
 *  Added printStat function
 *  print file count on line with direcories
 *  2009.05.18 check for control charaters and double qutoes in file names;
 *  escape the double quotes and print bad file names to stderr
 *  2009.12.30 size for dir should just be dir size; Fix; count returns 0
 *  for normal files and count of just the local directory; Previously count
 *  return the recursive file count for the whole tree.
 *
 2010.01.08 john dey; New field to output: file name extension.
 Extension is defined as the last part of the name after a Dot "."
 if no dot is found extension is empty ""
 new feature: accepts multible dirctory names as cmd line argument

 This line of code has been replaced
 if ( f.st_mode & S_IFDIR && (f.st_mode & S_IFMT != S_IFLNK) ) {
 With this new line of code:
 if ( S_ISDIR(f.st_mode)  ) { Or I could have done: if ( (f.st_mode & S_IFDIR) == S_IFDIR )
 2010.01.11  John Dey
 Complete re-write of walkv4 transforming it into pwalk.
 pwalk is a threaded version of walkv4.
 pwalk will call fileDir as a new thread until MAXTHRDS is reached.
 2010.02.01 pwalk v1 did not detach nor did it join the theads; v2
 fixes this short comming;

 2010.03.24 john dey; New physical hardware is available to run pwalk.
 16 threads are only using about 20% CPU with 10% IO wait. Based on this
 the thread count will be doubled to 32.
 2010.11.29 Add mutex for printStat
 2012.10.09 --NoSnap flag added.  ignore directories that have the name
 .snapshot
 2013.08.02 john f dey; Add GNU license, --version flag added
 2013.10.15 steve umbehocker; added verbose --debug spam mode
 added compare and copy capabilities
 added retain= option to backup only recently modified files
 added cusomizable maxthreads
 added summary total display at end (disable with --nototals)
 updated and expanded usage section
 fixed segfault in walker
 2013.10.16 steve umbehocker; added --log mode logging
 added purge mode hooks
 added dryrun/force flags
 2013.10.21 steve umbehocker; added --status logging
 added purge w/ retain
 2013.10.22 steve umbehocker; added check so purge cannot compare against emty dir
 added execute operation logic to do cp/unlink operations outside
 of the mutex so that they're parallelized
 fixed sync/copy to create empty leaf directories
 2014.11.21 steve umbehocker; added fix for files with spaces and special chars
 2015.06.12 steve umbehocker; added fix for --help and --version
 2015.06.18 osnexus eng; merging dot fix from john
 2015.07.07 osnexus eng; fix to skip invalid dirs without exiting
 2015.07.07 osnexus eng; added --exclude= option
 2015.07.07 osnexus eng; fix to add thread cleanup on err condition
 2015.10.14 osnexus eng; adding .qsnaps to --nosnaps option
 2016.10.24 osnexus eng; added check to copy only regular files
 2016.10.24 osnexus eng; added fix to deal with filenames containing "$" chars
 2016.10.24 osnexus eng; added fix to use raw path with stat() and escaped paths with shell commands
 2016.10.24 osnexus eng; added stderr redirect to /dev/null for cp/rsync/mv commands
 2016.10.24 osnexus eng; fixed rsync usage for copying directory permissions
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <utime.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#undef THRD_DEBUG 

static char *Version = "v4.1.1 - 10/26/2016 - (c) 2013 John F Dey and (c) 2013-2016 OSNEXUS - GPLv2 License";
static char *whoami = "pwalk";
//char *errFile = ">> pwalk.err 2>&1 ";
char *errFile = "> /dev/null 2>&1 ";
int EXCLUDE_DIRS = 0; /* if set ignore comma delimited specified directories like those called .snapshot */
int TARGETDIR = 0; /* if set copy the files to the target path */
int COMPAREDIR = 0; /* if set diff the files to the compare dir to determine where the holee are then purge */
int DEBUG_MODE = 0; /* verbose output */
int CMP_ATIME = 0; /* indiates that compare operations should look at atime */
int CMP_MTIME = 1;
int CMP_CTIME = 0;
int SHOWTOTALS = 1; /* show totals at the end via atexit() */
int DOTS = 0; /* print little dots to show progress */
int QUIET = 0; /* quiet gives the best backup performance */
int PURGE = 0;
int LOG = 0;
int NODIRPERMS = 0;
unsigned int DU_MODE = 0;
int STATUS = 0;
int RETENTION_DAYS = 60;
size_t MAXTHRDS = 32;
size_t RETAIN = 0;
size_t DRYRUN = 0;
size_t FORCE = 0;
int MOVE_MODE = 0;
unsigned long long DU_TOTAL = 4096L;
char * excludeDirs[1024];
char excludeDirData[8192];
size_t excludeDirCount = 0;

typedef enum operationType { OP_NONE, OP_COPY, OP_DELETE } operationType_t;
operationType_t opType;
char opCommand[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX + 1];

typedef struct fileData {
    char dname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];  /* full path and basename */
    int  THRDslot;              /* slot ID 0 - MAXTHRDS */
    int  THRDid;                /* unique ID increaments with each new THRD */
    int  flag;                  /* 0 if thread; recursion > 0 */
    pthread_t thread_id;        /* system assigned */
    pthread_attr_t tattr;
} fileData_t;

int ThreadCNT = 0; /* ThreadCNT < MAXTHRDS */
int totalTHRDS = 0;
struct fileData *fdslot;
pthread_mutex_t mutexLog;
pthread_mutex_t mutexCounter;
pthread_mutex_t mutexFD;
pthread_mutex_t mutexPrintStat;
pthread_cond_t condFD;

char targetdir[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
char comparedir[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
char logfile[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
char statusfile[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
int rootdirlen = 0;
time_t currenttime = 0;
time_t laststatustime = 0;

void incrementCounter(size_t *counter)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexCounter);
    (*counter)++;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexCounter);
}

/* counters for summing up and printing totals at the end */
typedef struct counterReport
{
    size_t scanned;
    size_t copied;
    size_t modified;
    size_t created;

    size_t error;
    size_t skipped;
    size_t deleted;
} counterReport_t;

counterReport_t report = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

void incrementScanned(){ incrementCounter(&report.scanned); }
void incrementCopied(){ incrementCounter(&report.copied); }
void incrementModified(){ incrementCounter(&report.modified); }
void incrementCreated(){ incrementCounter(&report.created); }
void incrementError(){ incrementCounter(&report.error); }
void incrementDeleted(){ incrementCounter(&report.deleted); }
void incrementSkipped(){ incrementCounter(&report.skipped); }

void
printVersion()
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n", whoami, Version);
    fprintf(stderr, "%s Copyright (C) 2013-2016 John F Dey & Steve Umbehocker\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, " * pwalk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;\n");
    fprintf(stderr, " * This is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License\n");
    fprintf(stderr, " * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n");
}

void
printHelp()
{
    fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n\n", whoami, Version);
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage : \n");
    fprintf(stderr, "%s --help --version\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "       Common Args :\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --dryrun        : use this to test commands\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                           without making any changes to the system\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --maxthreads=N  : indicates the number of threads (default=32)\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --nototals      : disables printing of totals after the scan\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --dots          : prints a dot and total every 1000 files scanned.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --quiet         : no chatter, speeds up the scan.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --nosnap        : Ignore directories with name .snapshot and .qsnaps\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --excludedirs=DIR1,DIR2,... : Ignore directories with specified names.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --debug         : Verbose debug spam\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "       Output Format : CSV\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "               Fields : DateStamp,\"inode\",\"filename\",\"fileExtension\",\"UID\",\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                        \"GID\",\"st_size\",\"st_blocks\",\"st_mode\",\"atime\",\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                        \"mtime\",\"ctime\",\"File Count\",\"Directory Size\"\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "Walk Usage : \n");
    fprintf(stderr, "%s SOURCEDIR\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "       Command Args :\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         SOURCEDIR       : Fully qualified path to the directory to walk\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "Copy/Backup Usage : \n");
    fprintf(stderr, "%s --targetdir=TARGETDIR SOURCEDIR\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "%s --retain=30 --targetdir=TARGETDIR SOURCEDIR\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "       Command Args :\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --move              : move files rather than copy\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --nodirperms        : don't copy directory permissions\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --targetdir         : copy files to specified TARGETDIR\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --atime             : copy if access time change (default=no atime)\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --backuplog=LOGFILE : log all files that were copied.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --status=STATUSFILE : write periodic status updates to specified file\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --retain            : copy if file ctime or mtime within retention period\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                               specified in days. eg: --retain=60\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --nomtime           : ignore mtime (default=use mtime)\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         SOURCEDIR           : Fully qualified path to the directory to walk\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "Delete/Purge Usage : \n");
    fprintf(stderr, "%s --purge [--force] --comparedir=COMPAREDIR PURGEDIR\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "%s --purge [--force] --retain=N PURGEDIR\n", whoami);
    fprintf(stderr, "       Command Args :\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --comparedir=DIR : compare against this dir but dont touch any files\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            in it. comparedir is usually the SOURCEDIR from\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            a prior copy/sync stage.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --purge          : WARNING: this deletes files older than the\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            retain period -OR- if retain is not specified\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            --comparedir is required. The comparedir is\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            compared against the specified dir and any files\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            not found in the comparedir are purged.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --force          : NOTE: default is a *dry-run* for purge, you must\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            specify --force option to actually purge files\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --atime          : keep if access time within retain period\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "         --retain         : keep if file ctime or mtime within retention period\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "                            specified in days. eg: --retain=60\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}

int excludeDir(const char *dirName)
{
    if(excludeDirCount == 0)
        return 0;
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < excludeDirCount; i++)
    {
        if(!strcmp(excludeDirs[i], dirName))
            return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

void
updateStatus(char *message)
{
    time_t now;
    time(&now);
    size_t elapsed = (size_t)difftime(now, currenttime);
    size_t hours = elapsed / 3600;
    size_t minutes = (elapsed % 3600) / 60;
    size_t seconds = elapsed % 60;
    FILE *statusFp = fopen(statusfile, "w");
    if(statusFp != NULL)
    {
        fprintf(statusFp, "   status: %s\n", message);
        fprintf(statusFp, "  scanned: %lu\n", report.scanned);
        fprintf(statusFp, "   copied: %lu\n", report.copied);
        fprintf(statusFp, " modified: %lu\n", report.modified);
        fprintf(statusFp, "  created: %lu\n", report.created);
        fprintf(statusFp, "  skipped: %lu\n", report.skipped);
        fprintf(statusFp, "  deleted: %lu\n", report.deleted);
        fprintf(statusFp, "   errors: %lu\n", report.error);
        fprintf(statusFp, "  elapsed: %02lu:%02lu:%02lu\n", hours, minutes, seconds);
        fclose(statusFp);
    }
}

void printDot()
{
    if(DOTS)
    {
        if(report.scanned % 1000 == 0)
            printf("%ld", report.scanned);
        else if(report.scanned  % 100 == 0)
            printf(".");
    }
}

void updateRunningStatus()
{
    if(STATUS && (report.scanned % 256 == 0))
    {
        time_t now;
        time(&now);
        size_t elapsed = (size_t)difftime(now, laststatustime);
        if(elapsed >= 10)
        {
            laststatustime = now;
            updateStatus("running");
        }
    }
}

void
printTotals()
{
    if(STATUS)
    {
        updateStatus("completed");
    }
    if(DU_MODE)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "TOTAL: %llu\n", DU_TOTAL);
    }
    if(!SHOWTOTALS)
        return;

    time_t now;
    time(&now);
    size_t elapsed = (size_t)difftime(now, currenttime);
    size_t hours = elapsed / 3600;
    size_t minutes = (elapsed % 3600) / 60;
    size_t seconds = elapsed % 60;

    fprintf(stderr, "\n\n%12s %12s %12s %12s %12s %12s %12s      %12s\n", "Scanned", "Copied", "Modified", "Created", "Deleted", "Skipped", "Errors", "Elapsed (HH:MM:SS)");
    fprintf(stderr, "%12lu %12lu %12lu %12lu %12lu %12lu %12lu     %02lu:%02lu:%02lu\n", report.scanned, report.copied, report.modified, report.created, report.deleted, report.skipped, report.error, hours, minutes, seconds);
}

void
getDirPath(char *dirPath, char *fullPath, size_t bufferLen)
{
    strncpy(dirPath, fullPath, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
    size_t pos = strlen(dirPath) - 1;
    while(pos > 0 && dirPath[pos] != '/')
    {
        dirPath[pos] = 0;
        pos--;
    }
}

void
logPath(char *targetPath, char *mode)
{
    if(!LOG || (logfile[0] == 0))
        return;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexLog);
    FILE *fp = fopen(logfile, "a");
    if(fp != NULL)
    {
        if(targetPath != NULL)
        {
            if(mode != NULL && strlen(mode))
                fprintf(fp, "%s: %s\n", mode, targetPath);
            else
                fprintf(fp, "%s\n", targetPath);
        }
        fclose(fp);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexLog);
}

int
dirContainsFiles(char *targetPath)
{
    struct dirent *ep = NULL;
    DIR *dp = opendir(targetPath);
    if(dp != NULL)
    {
        while(ep = readdir(dp))
        {
            if(ep->d_name[0] == '.')
                continue;
            //fprintf(stderr, "INFO: directory entry '%s'", ep->d_name);
            closedir(dp);
            return 1;
        }
        closedir(dp);
    }
    return 0;
}

void logLine(struct stat *f, const char *sourcePath, const char *exten, const long fileCnt, const long dirSz)
{
    if(!DOTS && !QUIET)
    {
        char outFile[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
        sprintf(outFile, "\"%ld\",\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%07o\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\",\"%ld\"\n",
            (long)f->st_ino, sourcePath, (exten) ? exten : "", (long)f->st_uid,
            (long)f->st_gid, (long)f->st_size, (long)f->st_blocks, (int)f->st_mode,
            (long)f->st_atime, (long)f->st_mtime, (long)f->st_ctime, fileCnt, dirSz);
        fputs(outFile, stdout);
    }
}

void logDirLine(struct stat *f, const char *sourcePath)
{
    if(!DOTS && !QUIET && DEBUG_MODE)
    {
        char outFile[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
        sprintf(outFile, "INFO: CHECKING/CREATING DIR: \"%ld\",\"%s\"\n", (long)f->st_ino, sourcePath);
        fputs(outFile, stdout);
    }
}

void logCompareLine(const char *sourcePath, const char *targetPath)
{
    char outFile[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    sprintf(outFile, "INFO: COMPARING [%s]  [%s]", sourcePath, targetPath);
    fputs(outFile, stdout);
}

int purgeFile(struct stat *f, char *sourcePath, char *sourcePathRaw, char *targetPath, char *targetPathRaw)
{
    if(S_ISDIR(f->st_mode))
    {
        if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: Purge skipping DIR: '%s'\n", sourcePath);
        incrementSkipped();
        return -1;
    }
    if(!RETAIN && COMPAREDIR)
    {
        if(DEBUG_MODE)
            printf("comparing: \n\t%s :: %s\n\t%s :: %s\n", sourcePath, targetPath, sourcePathRaw, targetPathRaw);
        struct stat statTarget = { 0 };
        if(stat(targetPathRaw, &statTarget) == -1 && S_ISREG(f->st_mode))
        {
            incrementDeleted();
            if(DEBUG_MODE)
                printf("INFO: PURGE [%s] : %s\n", (DRYRUN || !FORCE) ? "dryrun" : "UNLINK", sourcePath);
            if(!DRYRUN && FORCE)
            {
                opType = OP_DELETE;
                strncpy(opCommand, sourcePathRaw, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
                if(DOTS)
                    printf("!");
            }
        }
        else
            incrementSkipped();
        return 0;
    }

    if(RETAIN && (currenttime > f->st_ctime) && (
        (!CMP_CTIME || (difftime(currenttime, f->st_ctime) > RETAIN)) &&
        (!CMP_MTIME || (difftime(currenttime, f->st_mtime) > RETAIN)) &&
        (!CMP_ATIME || (difftime(currenttime, f->st_atime) > RETAIN))))
    {
        incrementDeleted();
        if(DEBUG_MODE)
        {
            printf("INFO: PURGE [%s] (%lu days old): %s\n", (DRYRUN || !FORCE) ? "dryrun" : "UNLINK", (size_t)difftime(currenttime, f->st_mtime) / (3600 * 24), sourcePath);
        }
        if(!DRYRUN && FORCE)
        {
            //we want to just save the path so we can do the purge outside of this criticial section
            //this way our delete is parallelized
            strncpy(opCommand, sourcePath, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
            opType = OP_DELETE;
            if(DOTS)
                printf("!");
        }
    }
    else
        incrementSkipped();
    return 0;
}

void getProcessedSourcePath(const char *fname, char *sourcePath)
{
    const char *s = fname;
    char *t;
    t = sourcePath;
    while(*s) {
        if(*s == '"')
            *t++ = '\\';
        if(*s == '$')
            *t++ = '\\';
        *t++ = *s++;
    }
    *t++ = *s++;
}


void getTargetPathFromSource(const char *sourcePath, char *targetPath)
{
    if(TARGETDIR)
    {
        //Add a trailing / to the base path if it's not there.
        size_t targetdirLen = strlen(targetdir);
        if((targetdirLen + 1 < FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX) && targetdir[targetdirLen - 1] != '/')
        {
            targetdir[targetdirLen] = '/';
            targetdir[targetdirLen + 1] = 0;
        }
        size_t offset = rootdirlen + 1;
        strncpy(targetPath, targetdir, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
        strncat(targetPath, &sourcePath[offset], FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
    }
    else if(COMPAREDIR)
    {
        //Add a trailing / to the base path if it's not there.
        size_t comparedirLen = strlen(comparedir);
        if((comparedirLen + 1 < FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX) && comparedir[comparedirLen - 1] != '/')
        {
            comparedir[comparedirLen] = '/';
            comparedir[comparedirLen + 1] = 0;
        }
        size_t offset = rootdirlen + 1;
        strncpy(targetPath, comparedir, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
        strncat(targetPath, &sourcePath[offset], FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
    }
    //else {   } //standard PWALK
}

int makeTargetDirPath(const char *fname)
{
    char sourcePath[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char targetPath[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char targetPathRaw[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];

    getProcessedSourcePath(fname, sourcePath);
    getTargetPathFromSource(fname, targetPathRaw);
    getTargetPathFromSource(sourcePath, targetPath);

    struct stat statSource = { 0 };
    stat(fname, &statSource);

    struct stat statTarget = { 0 };
    stat(targetPathRaw, &statTarget);

    if(!S_ISDIR(statSource.st_mode))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERR: source '%s' is not a directory.", sourcePath);
        exit(-1);
    }

    logDirLine(&statTarget, targetPath);

    if(!S_ISDIR(statTarget.st_mode))
    {
        incrementCreated();
        incrementCopied();
        char command[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
        command[0] = '\0';
        snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "mkdir \"%s\"  %s", targetPath, errFile);

        if(DEBUG_MODE)
            printf("INFO: making DIR: %s\n", command);
        if(!DRYRUN)
        {
            system(command);
            struct utimbuf times;
            times.actime = statSource.st_atime;
            times.modtime = statSource.st_mtime;
            utime(targetPath, &times);
        }

        //preserve the permissions for the directories
        if(!NODIRPERMS)
        {
            if(DEBUG_MODE)
                printf("INFO: updating DIR perms via rsync: %s\n", command);

            snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "rsync -ptgo -A -X -d --no-recursive --exclude=* \"%s/\" \"%s\" %s", sourcePath, targetPath, errFile);
            if(!DRYRUN)
                system(command);
            /*
            //NOTE: This old technique doesn't copy the extended attributes of the directory
            snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "chown --reference=\"%s\" \"%s\" %s", sourcePath, targetPath, errFile);
            if(!DRYRUN)
                system(command);
            snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "chmod --reference=\"%s\" \"%s\" %s", sourcePath, targetPath, errFile);
            if(!DRYRUN)
                system(command);
            */
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if(DEBUG_MODE)
            printf("INFO: verified DIR exists: %s\n", fname);
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 *  this needs to be in a crital secion  (and it is!)
 */
void
printStat(char *fname, char *exten, struct stat *f, long fileCnt, long dirSz)
{
    char sourcePath[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char sourcePathDir[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char targetPath[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char targetPathDir[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
    char targetPathRaw[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];

    getProcessedSourcePath(fname, sourcePath);
    getTargetPathFromSource(fname, targetPathRaw);
    getTargetPathFromSource(sourcePath, targetPath);

    opType = OP_NONE;
    logLine(f, sourcePath, exten, fileCnt, dirSz);
    updateRunningStatus();
    printDot();

    incrementScanned();

    struct stat statSource = { 0 };
    stat(fname, &statSource);
    if(S_ISDIR(statSource.st_mode))
    {
        return;
    }
    if(PURGE)
    {
        purgeFile(f, sourcePath, fname, targetPath, targetPathRaw);
        return;
    }

    //If a target dir was specified then we need to do file copy operations
    if(TARGETDIR)
    {
        struct stat statTarget = { 0 };
        char doCopy = 0;
        char doCompare = 0;

        if(stat(targetPathRaw, &statTarget) == -1 || MOVE_MODE)
        {
            if(DEBUG_MODE)fprintf(stderr, "INFO: File '%s' doesn't exist at target, doing copy '%s'\n", sourcePath, targetPath);
            doCopy = 1;
        }
        else if(S_ISDIR(f->st_mode))
        {
            if(DEBUG_MODE)fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Target is a directory '%s'\n", targetPath);
            incrementError();
            return;
        }
        else if(!S_ISREG(f->st_mode))
        {
            if(DEBUG_MODE)fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Target not regular file '%s'\n", targetPath);
            incrementError();
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            //printf("target exists '%s'", targetPath);
            doCompare = 1;
        }

        if(doCompare)
        {
            if(DEBUG_MODE)
            {
                logCompareLine(sourcePath, targetPath);
            }
            if(MOVE_MODE)
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: File has MOVE MODE, copying\n");
                doCopy = 1;
            }
            else if(f->st_mode != f->st_mode)
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: File has MODE CHANGE, copying\n");
                doCopy = 1;
            }
            else if(f->st_size != f->st_size)
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: File has SIZE CHANGE, copying\n");
                doCopy = 1;
            }
            //  the target file will always have a different create time so we don't 
            //  want to use == for ctime compare, rather we just want to see if the source
            //  was created after the target, if so, need to recopy
            else if(CMP_CTIME && (f->st_ctime < f->st_ctime))
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: CTIME on target is older than source, copying\n");
                doCopy = 1;
            }
            else if(CMP_MTIME && (f->st_mtime != f->st_mtime))
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: File has MTIME CHANGE, copying\n");
            }
            else
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: Detected no file changes, copy not required.\n");
            }
            if(!doCopy && CMP_ATIME && (f->st_atime != f->st_atime))
            {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: File has only ATIME CHANGE, updating timestamps\n");
                struct utimbuf times;
                times.actime = f->st_atime;
                times.modtime = f->st_mtime;
                utime(targetPath, &times);
            }
        }

        if(doCopy)
        {
            if(RETAIN)
            {
                if((currenttime < f->st_ctime) ||
                    (CMP_CTIME && (difftime(currenttime, f->st_ctime) < RETAIN)) ||
                    (CMP_MTIME && (difftime(currenttime, f->st_mtime) < RETAIN)) ||
                    (CMP_ATIME && (difftime(currenttime, f->st_atime) < RETAIN)))
                {
                    if(DEBUG_MODE)
                        printf("INFO: INSIDE RETAIN (%lu days old): %s\n", (size_t)difftime(currenttime, f->st_mtime) / (3600 * 24), sourcePath);
                }
                else
                {
                    if(DEBUG_MODE)
                        printf("INFO: OUTSIDE RETAIN (%lu days old), skipping: %s\n", (size_t)difftime(currenttime, f->st_mtime) / (3600 * 24), sourcePath);
                    incrementSkipped();
                    return;
                }
            }

            if(doCompare)
                incrementModified();
            else
                incrementCreated();
            char command[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX];
            command[0] = '\0';
            if(MOVE_MODE)
                snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "mv \"%s\" \"%s\" %s", sourcePath, targetPath, errFile);
            else
                snprintf(command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX, "cp --no-dereference --preserve=all \"%s\" \"%s\" %s", sourcePath, targetPath, errFile);
            if(DEBUG_MODE)
                printf("INFO: [%s]\n", command);
            if(!DRYRUN)
            {
                //we want to just save the command so we can do the copy outside of this criticial section
                //this way our copy op is parallelized
                incrementCopied();
                opType = OP_COPY;
                strncpy(opCommand, command, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
            }
            if(LOG)
                logPath(targetPath, "");
        }
    }
}

void execOperation(operationType_t doOperation, char *doCommand)
{
    if(doOperation == OP_COPY)
        system(doCommand);
    if(doOperation == OP_DELETE)
        unlink(doCommand);
}

void cleanupThread(struct fileData *fd)
{
    if((fd != NULL) && (fd->flag == 0)) { /* this instance of fileDir is a thread */
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexFD);
        if((--ThreadCNT) == 0)
            pthread_cond_signal(&condFD);
        fd->THRDslot = -1;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexFD);
        pthread_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }
}


/*
 *  Open a directory and read the conents.  Call stat with each
 *  file name.
 *
 *  Recursively call self for each sub dir.
 *
 *  print inode meta data for each file, one line per file in CSV format
 */
void
*fileDir(void *arg)
{
    char *s, *t, *u, *dot, *end_dname;
    char fname[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
    int  slot, id, found;
    DIR *dirp;
    long localCnt = 0; /* number of files in a specific directory */
    unsigned long long localSz = 0; /* byte cnt of files in the local directory 2010.07 */
    struct dirent *d;
    struct stat f;
    struct fileData *fd, local;

    fd = (struct fileData *) arg;
    if(DEBUG_MODE)
        printf("Start %2d%5d %2d %s\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, fd->dname);

    if(fd == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERR: invalid directory specified, skipping.\n");
        return NULL;
    }
    if((dirp = opendir(fd->dname)) == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unable to open directory '%s', skipping.\n", fd->dname);
        cleanupThread(fd);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* find the end of fs->name and put '/' at the end <end_dname>
       points to char after '/' */
    s = fd->dname + strlen(fd->dname);
    *s++ = '/';
    end_dname = s;
    while((d = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
        if(strcmp(".", d->d_name) == 0)
            continue;
        if(strcmp("..", d->d_name) == 0)
            continue;
        localCnt++;
        s = d->d_name;
        t = end_dname;
        while(*s)
            *t++ = *s++;
        *t = '\0';
        if(lstat(fd->dname, &f) == -1) {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERR: lstat failed: %2d%5d %2d %s\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, fd->dname);
            continue;
        }
        if(!S_ISDIR(f.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(f.st_mode))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERR: skipping non-dir, non-reg file: %2d%5d %2d %s\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, fd->dname);
            if(LOG && DEBUG_MODE)
                logPath(fd->dname, "NOTREG");
            continue;
        }
        /* Follow Sub dirs recursivly but don't follow links */
        localSz += f.st_size;
        DU_TOTAL += f.st_size;
        if(S_ISDIR(f.st_mode))
        {
            if(TARGETDIR)
            {
                makeTargetDirPath(fd->dname);
            }

            if(EXCLUDE_DIRS > 0 && excludeDir(d->d_name)) {
                if(DEBUG_MODE) fprintf(stderr, "INFO: skipping directory: %s\n", d->d_name);
                continue;
            }

            pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexFD);
            if(ThreadCNT < MAXTHRDS) {
                ThreadCNT++;
                id = totalTHRDS++;
                slot = 0; found = -1;
                while(slot < MAXTHRDS) {
                    if(fdslot[slot].THRDslot == -1) {
                        found = slot;
                        break;
                    }
                    slot++;
                }
                if(found == -1)
                    fprintf(stderr, "ERR: SlotE %2d%5d %2d %s\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, "no available threads");
                else
                    fdslot[slot].THRDslot = slot;
            }
            else
                slot = -1;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexFD);
            if(slot != -1) {
                strcpy(fdslot[slot].dname, (const char*)fd->dname);
                fdslot[slot].THRDid = id;
                fdslot[slot].flag = 0;
                if(pthread_create(&fdslot[slot].thread_id, &fdslot[0].tattr,
                    fileDir, (void*)&fdslot[slot])) {
                    /* thread create failed, undo slot */
                    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexFD);
                    /* this won't go to zero here, so no need cond_signal */
                    ThreadCNT--;
                    fdslot[slot].THRDslot = -1;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexFD);
                    goto local_call;
                }
            }
            else {
            local_call:
                strcpy(local.dname, (const char*)fd->dname);
                local.THRDslot = fd->THRDslot;
                local.THRDid = fd->THRDid;
                local.flag = fd->flag + 1;
                fileDir((void*)&local);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            s = end_dname + 1; dot = NULL;
            while(*s)
            {
                if(*s == '.')
                    dot = s + 1;
                s++;
            }

            pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexPrintStat);
            printStat(fd->dname, dot, &f, (long)0, (long)0);
            operationType_t doOperation = opType;
            opType = OP_NONE;
            char doCommand[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX + 1];
            strncpy(doCommand, opCommand, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexPrintStat);
            execOperation(doOperation, doCommand);
        }
    }
    closedir(dirp);
    *--end_dname = '\0';
#ifdef THRD_DEBUG
    printf("Ending %2d%5d %2d<%s>\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, fd->dname);
#endif /* THRD_DEBUG */
    if(lstat(fd->dname, &f) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERR: lstat failed: %2d%5d %2d %s\n", fd->THRDslot, fd->THRDid, fd->flag, fd->dname);
    }
    else {
        s = end_dname - 1; dot = NULL;
        while(*s != '/' && (s != fd->dname))
        {
            if(*s == '.') { dot = s + 1; break; }
            s--;
        }
        if(s + 1 == dot) /* Dot file is not an extension Exp: /.bashrc */
            dot = NULL;

        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexPrintStat);
        printStat(fd->dname, dot, &f, localCnt, localSz);
        operationType_t doOperation = opType;
        opType = OP_NONE;
        char doCommand[FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX + 1];
        strncpy(doCommand, opCommand, FILENAME_MAX + FILENAME_MAX);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexPrintStat);
        execOperation(doOperation, doCommand);
    }
    cleanupThread(fd);
    /* return ; */
}

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int error, i;
    char *s, *c;
    void *status;
    if(argc < 2 || argv == NULL)
    {
        printHelp();
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    argc--; argv++;
    while(argc > 1)
    {
        if(!strncmp(*argv, "--maxthreads=", 13))
        {
            MAXTHRDS = (size_t)atoi(&((*argv)[strlen("--maxthreads=")]));
            if(MAXTHRDS > 64) MAXTHRDS = 64;
            if(MAXTHRDS <= 2) MAXTHRDS = 2;
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: MAXTHRDS='%lu'\n", MAXTHRDS);
        }
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--retain=", 9))
        {
            RETAIN = (size_t)atoi(&((*argv)[strlen("--retain=")])) * 24 * 3600;
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: RETAIN='%lu'\n", RETAIN);
        }
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--move"))
            MOVE_MODE = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--debug"))
            DEBUG_MODE = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--du"))
        {
            DU_MODE = 1;
            SHOWTOTALS = 0;
            QUIET = 1;
        }
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--nototals"))
            SHOWTOTALS = 0;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--noatime"))
            CMP_ATIME = 0;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--atime"))
            CMP_ATIME = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--nomtime"))
            CMP_MTIME = 0;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--mtime"))
            CMP_MTIME = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--noctime"))
            CMP_CTIME = 0;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--ctime"))
            CMP_CTIME = 1;
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--excludedirs=", 14))
        {
            memset(excludeDirData, 0, sizeof(excludeDirData));
            strncpy(excludeDirData, &((*argv)[strlen("--excludedirs=")]), sizeof(excludeDirData));
            if(strlen(excludeDirData) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Invalid exclude file name.\n");
            }
            else
            {
                char *token = strtok(excludeDirData, ",");
                while(token != NULL && excludeDirCount < 1023)
                {
                    excludeDirs[excludeDirCount] = strdup(token);
                    if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: Adding exclude dir '%s'\n", token);
                    excludeDirCount++;
                    EXCLUDE_DIRS++;
                    token = strtok(NULL, ",");
                }
            }
        }
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--NoSnap") || !strcmp(*argv, "--nosnap"))
        {
            excludeDirs[excludeDirCount] = strdup(".snapshots");
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: Adding exclude dir '.snapshots'\n");
            excludeDirCount++;
            EXCLUDE_DIRS++;
            excludeDirs[excludeDirCount] = strdup(".qsnaps");
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: Adding exclude dir '.snapshots'\n");
            excludeDirCount++;
            EXCLUDE_DIRS++;
        }
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--dryrun"))
            DRYRUN = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--force"))
            FORCE = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--nodirperms"))
            NODIRPERMS = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--purge"))
        {
            PURGE = 1;
        }
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--backuplog=", 12))
        {
            LOG = 1;
            memset(logfile, 0, sizeof(logfile));
            strncpy(logfile, &((*argv)[strlen("--backuplog=")]), sizeof(logfile));
            if(strlen(logfile) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Invalid log file name.");
                LOG = 0;
            }
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: LOGFILE='%s'\n", logfile);
        }
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--status=", 9))
        {
            STATUS = 1;
            memset(statusfile, 0, sizeof(statusfile));
            strncpy(statusfile, &((*argv)[strlen("--status=")]), sizeof(statusfile));
            if(strlen(statusfile) == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Invalid status log file name.");
                STATUS = 0;
            }
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: STATUS='%s'\n", statusfile);
        }
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--targetdir=", 12))
        {
            TARGETDIR = 1;
            memset(targetdir, 0, sizeof(targetdir));
            strncpy(targetdir, &((*argv)[strlen("--targetdir=")]), sizeof(targetdir));
            if(DEBUG_MODE)
                printf("INFO: TARGETDIR='%s'\n", targetdir);
        }
        else if(!strncmp(*argv, "--comparedir=", 13))
        {
            COMPAREDIR = 1;
            memset(comparedir, 0, sizeof(comparedir));
            strncpy(comparedir, &((*argv)[strlen("--comparedir=")]), sizeof(comparedir));
            if(DEBUG_MODE) printf("INFO: COMPAREDIR='%s'\n", comparedir);
            if(!dirContainsFiles(comparedir))
            {
                printf("ERR: Cannot run purge operation against a comparison directory with zero files '%s'\n", comparedir);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--dots"))
            DOTS = 1;
        else if(!strcmp(*argv, "--quiet"))
            QUIET = 1;
        argc--; 
        argv++;
    }

    if(!strcmp(*argv, "--help"))
    {
        printHelp();
        exit(0);
    }
    if(!strcmp(*argv, "--version") || !strcmp(*argv, "-v"))
    {
        printVersion();
        exit(0);
    }

    time(&currenttime);

    fdslot = malloc(sizeof(struct fileData) * MAXTHRDS);
    for(i = 0; i < MAXTHRDS; i++)
    {
        fdslot[i].THRDslot = -1;
        if((error = pthread_attr_init(&fdslot[i].tattr)))
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create pthread attr: %s\n",
            strerror(error));
        else if((error = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&fdslot[i].tattr,
            PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED)
            ))
            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set attribute detached: %s\n",
            strerror(error));
    }
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutexFD, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&condFD, NULL);
    strcpy(fdslot[0].dname, (const char*)*argv);
    struct stat statRoot = { 0 };
    if(stat(fdslot[0].dname, &statRoot) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(statRoot.st_mode))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERR: Invalid directory specification '%s'\n", fdslot[0].dname);
    }

    rootdirlen = strlen(fdslot[0].dname);
    //Trim the trailing slash so we don't get // in the path
    if(fdslot[0].dname[strlen(fdslot[0].dname) - 1] == '/')
    {
        fdslot[0].dname[strlen(fdslot[0].dname) - 1] = '\0';
        rootdirlen--;
    }
    fdslot[0].THRDslot = ThreadCNT++;
    fdslot[0].THRDid = totalTHRDS++;
    fdslot[0].flag = 0;

    if(TARGETDIR)
    {
        makeTargetDirPath(fdslot[0].dname);
    }

    if((error = pthread_create(&(fdslot[0].thread_id), &fdslot[0].tattr, fileDir,
        (void*)&fdslot[0]))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "failed to start a thread: %s\n", strerror(error));
        exit(error);
    }

    if(SHOWTOTALS || STATUS || DU_MODE)
        atexit(printTotals);

    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutexFD);
    if(ThreadCNT > 0)
        pthread_cond_wait(&condFD, &mutexFD);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutexFD);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}
</pre>